Equivalent Circuit of Transformer, Basic Electrical Engineering, Btech first year

Equivalent Circuit of Transformer | Btech Shots!

Equivalent Circuit of Transformer


The concept of Equivalent Circuits exists to help us analyze transformer as by using this concept, we can transform all the parameters to either side. When referred to primary side, it is called Equivalent Circuit referred to primary side and when referred to secondary side, it is called Equivalent Circuit referred to secondary side.

transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

Here I1=I0+I2
The no load primary current I0 is very small in comparison to full load current around 2% to 5% of full load current. So, I1I2 So we will interchange the core loss and leakage flux loss part with the winding losses part as shown in the diagram. This is called Approximate Equivalent Circuit.

transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

The core losses and flux losses are negligible, so we will remove them to further simply the circuit,

transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

Now we can perform calculations:

Equivalent Circuit referred to Primary Side

This means shifting all the elements to the primary side.

transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

R1e is Equivalent resistance referred to primary
X1e is Equivalent reactance referred to primary
Before we get into equations for equivalent resistance and reactance, get this formula for relation between resistance and turn ratio: V1=I1R1,V2=I2R2 V1V2=I1R1I2R2 R1R2=V1I2V2I1=N1N2N1N2 R1R2=(N1N2)2 So if R2 is to be referred from secondary to primary side, then it will be written as R2(N1N2)2 And if R1 is to be referred from primary to secondary side, then it will be written as R1(N2N1)2 So writing equations for equivalent resistance and reactance, R1e=R1+R2(N1N2)2 X1e=X1+X2(N1N2)2

Equivalent Circuit referred to Secondary Side

This means shifting all the elements to the secondary side.

transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

R2e is Equivalent resistance referred to secondary
X2e is Equivalent reactance referred to secondary
R2e=R2+R1(N2N1)2 X2e=X2+X1(N2N1)2




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