Auto Transformer, Basic Electrical Engineering, Btech first year

Auto Transformer | Btech Shots!

Auto Transformer


Auto Transformer is a transformer in which both primary and secondary side share same single winding i.e. one single winding is used as primary winding as well as secondary winding.

auto transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

Here bc is called the common winding as it is shared by both primary and secondary sides. ab is called the series winding as it is in series with common winding.

Step Down Auto Transformer
auto transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

Here VH= High Voltage
VL= Low Voltage
IH= High Voltage Current
IL= Low Voltage Current
Tac= number of turns across ac
TH= number of turns across high voltage side =Tac
Tbc= number of turns across bc
TL= number of turns across low voltage side =Tbc
Tab= number of turns across ab
Tab=THTL Also, IH=Iab
And when load is connected, I=Icb Now in auto transformer, we study two types of ratios: Circuit Voltage Ratio (CVR) and Winding Voltage Ratio (WVR).
CVR is the ratio of voltages in primary and secondary circuits CVR=VHVL=THTL=aA Transformation Ratio (1) WVR is the ratio voltages in the windings of the primary and secondary sides WVR=VabVbc=a I flows only when load is connected and flows in opposite direction of IH. So the flux produced by I tries to reduce the flux produced by IH but the value of flux by IH is such that it nullifies the effect of flux by I. So the mmf by IH becomes equal to the mmf by I. IabTab=IbcTbc IH(THTL)=ITL IIH=THTLTL=THTL1=aA1(2) WVR: a=VabVbc=TabTbc=THTLTL=THTL1 a=aA1(3) Applying KCL at point b IH+I=IL I=ILIH IIH=ILIHIH(4) From equation (2) aA1=ILIHIH aA=ILIH aA=VHVL=THTL=ILIH And a=aA1

Step Up Auto Transformer
auto transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

All the calculations are same as in step down transformer, just the directions of currents change.


Saving in Conductor Material

As auto transformer uses single winding, it uses less matrial i.e. Copper in comparison to two winding transformers. To determine saving of Copper, we calculate weight of copper used.

Now the weight of copper used depends upon :

Current : because the flow of current depends upon the area of cross section of the turns of the winding. So larger the current means larger the area which in turn means more amount of Copper used

Number of Turns : larger the number of turns means more amount of Copper used.

auto transformer, basic electrical engineering, btech first year

For two winding transformer,
Weight of primary winding N1I1
Weight of secondary winding N2I2
Total Weight of Copper used N1I1+N2I2
Weight of Copper in auto transformer (N1N2)I1+N2(I2I1) Weight of Copper in auto transformerWeight of Copper in ordinary transformer =(N1N2)I1+N2(I2I1)N1I1+N2I2 =N1I1N2I1+N2I2N2I1N1I1+N2I2 =N1I12N2I1+N2I2N1I1+N2I2 As N1I1=N2I2 =2N2I22N2I12N2I2 =1I1I2 =1K Weight of copper in ordinary transformer=(1K)×Weight of copper in auto transformer So, Saving of Copper = Weight of copper in ordinary transformer - Weight of copper in auto transformer =W0(1K)W0 =W0W0+KW0 Saving of Copper =KW0 When K1 saving is maximum


Advantages and Disdvantages

Due to single winding, it has lot of advantages when compared with 2 winding transformer and some disadvantages as well.

Advantages

a) In 2 winding transformer, transfer of energy occurs with the help of mutual induction only, but in auto transformer, due to single winding, energy transfer occurs through mutual induction as well as conduction of current.

b) Due to single winding, less material is used.

c) Due to single winding, leakage flux is very low.

d) Due to single winding, secondary winding resistance is very low.

e) It is of small size when compared to 2 winding transformer.


Disdvantages

a) If by mistake, the secondary side is open i.e. not connected to the winding, then all the high voltage will be transferred to the load, thus damaging the load.

b) Due to low impedance, an increase in short circuit current will damage the load.


Applications

a) In large power systems

b) In laborateries as variable transformer

c) Synchronous motor and induction motor are not self-starting, so it is used as a starter.





DC Motor, Basic Electrical Engineering, Btech first year

DC Motor | Btech Shots! DC Motor ...